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The Contributions of Sylvia Earle
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This 4 page paper looks at the life and times of this accomplished marine biologist. Some biographical information is provided on this woman who has contributed much to her field. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA415SE.rtf

The Cruise Line Industry & The Factors Of Oceanography
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A 5 page paper exploring the relationships between the cruise line industry and the forces of oceanography. Bibliography lists five sources.
Filename: Cruiselin.wps

The Effects of the 1997-98 El Nino on Coral Reefs: Bleaching, Sea Surface Temperatures and Other Factors
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This is a 9 page paper discussing the effects of El Nino on the world’s coral reefs in addition to other factors. Excessive and sudden high sea water temperatures, El Nino, have a devastating effect on the coral reefs in over 100 countries around the world. High sea surface temperatures cause a disruption of enzymes in the coral’s zooxanthellae which then create toxic byproducts which kill the living coral resulting in a whitening or bleaching effect. Coral bleaching has been used in the last decade to study the changes in marine ecosystems using methods which include a combination of marine and satellite imagery efforts. The El Nino of 1997-98 was particularly destructive to the coral reefs as over 16 percent were instantly bleached in that year. In addition to the effects of sea temperatures rising, El Nino and human environmental factors, over 27 percent of the world’s coral reefs have been severely damaged. While it has been found that 30 percent may be recovering from the 1997-98 El Nino disaster, some reefs found in the Caribbean have shown no signs of recovery since 1998. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: TJelnin1.rtf

The Geology of Biscayne National Park (Florida)
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A 4 page description of limestone and reef formation in Biscayne National Park. The author describes processes and the complex ecology that has resulted. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPgeoBis.rtf

The Geology of Hydrothermal Vents
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A 9 page discussion of the unique geology of hydrothermal vents. The subterranean processes which result in these vents also results in the expulsion of numerous minerals to the surface of the ocean floor. These mineral deposits form distinctive features which are potentially valuable not only from an aesthetic and ecological standpoint but mining standpoint. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPocnVn2.rtf

The Great Lakes
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A 6 page discussion of the Great Lakes, their sources, natural environment, and pertinent theories. Bibliography lists three references.
Filename: Greatlak.wps

The Great White Shark
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6 pages in length. The great white shark provokes a lot of mystery and myth, most of which is simply untrue. This paper will explore some facts about the great white and whether or not they propose a threat to humans, as well as problems affecting the great white sharks themselves and possible solutions. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAshark.wps

The Hard Shell Clam Business in the Raritan Bay Area
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This 24 page paper outlines biological aspects of hard clams which are also known as Mercenaria mercenaria or quahogs. The history of the industry in and around the Raritan Bay area and Sandy Hook are discussed in detail. Clam Population, conditions and sizes of clams are included along with a slew of information used to characterize the clams. The history of hard clamming in the region is discussed along with a great deal of information on pollution and how the problem has been resolved. Finally, throughout the paper, legislation and restrictions are duly noted. It is suggested that sometimes legislation is too strict. The paper concludes with future possibilities regarding this long standing industry. Bibliography lists 30 sources.
Filename: SA410clm.rtf

The Hawaiian Islands & Their Scientific Environment
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Excellent for those studying oceanography, marine biology, geography, and even geology. This fairly technical 10 page research paper discusses various issues concerning the Hawaiian Islands including aquatic life, volcanoes, climate, and coastal topography. Bibliography lists approximately 10 sources.
Filename: Hawaiifi.wps

The History & Current Conditions of The Rivers of Ohio
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Complex geological and structural changes have occurred in the rivers of Ohio since the were first created as a result of glacial flows. The current conditions in a number of rivers in Ohio, including the Ohio River itself, are directly related to the geological development of the region, the influx of industry and agricultural development since the 19th century, and the transformation of the environment due to vast chemical, structural and natural changes. This 9 page paper reflects the transformation of the Ohio Rivers since their glacial formation and determines the most significant environmental factors currently impacting these natural regions. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: Ohioriv.wps

The Limnology of Lake Michigan
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A 9 page scientific research paper on the limnology of Lake Michigan (one of the United States' "Great Lakes"). Included are the limnological characteristics, climate & erosion, human & trophic conditions, and more. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: Lakemich.wps

The Lowly Tuna Sandwich: Its Ecological and Physiological Relevance to Man
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An 8 page analysis of the components of the tuna sandwich. Breaks the sandwich down into each of its components comparing them ecologically and evolutionary to man. The paper then concentrates on the molecular components of the sandwich, noting the particularly of the passage of elements such as starches and sugars through the digestive system of the human body. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPfoodAn.rtf

The Nile River:
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This 5 page paper discusses the Nile river, it's history and it's importance. Furthermore, this paper examines hoe the Nile river influenced nearly every aspect of ancient civilization. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: GSNileRv.rtf

The Ocean’s Potential to Feed the World’s People: Over-Fishing, Populations and the Environment, and Aquaculture in the LEDCs and MEDCs
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This is a 7 page paper discussing over-fishing of the world’s oceans, in particular reference to the North Sea, the relationship between the environment and population and fishing and aquaculture in the LEDCs and MEDCs. Within the last several decades, the fish population in the world’s oceans has decreased substantially. While the decrease in fish stocks has been partially blamed on environmental factors, the largest problem has been that fishing levels have been at capacity or at the over-fishing level for over thirty years resulting in the loss of some of the more popular fish stocks. Through fishing bans and aquaculture, many MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries) have just begun to initiate programs with the hopes to recover the stocks but the future of most stocks is still questionable. In the LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries) where larger portions of the population are also malnourished, there has also begun to be a great deal of over-fishing but mainly due to fishermen from wealthier countries who have moved from diminished areas. In addition, while a great percentage of continents such as Africa have been deemed suitable for aquaculture, funding depends on governmental support which varies from country to country and year to year. It is estimated that the results of the over-fishing in all the oceans in which many of the stocks will be forever diminished will eventually lead to an increased dependence on grain farmers; a demand they cannot meet. Overall, the increasing world populations will be affected by increased malnutrition and famine, similar to what was initially predicted by Thomas Malthus in 1798 unless more funding and support can be placed on aquaculture worldwide. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJfishf1.rtf